Kidney Stones In Dogs

Yes, dogs can get kidney stones. But what are they and how do they form? In the simplest terms, kidney stones are bits of minerals that form in a dog's kidneys.

Kidney stones in dogs develop when an overproduction of normal mineral salts in the urine builds up into crystals. If enough of these crystals unite, they form small sand-sized granules that eventually become larger clusters.

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Both gender and breed can play a role in the development of kidney stones in dogs. Females are more prone to stones than males. However, male dogs are at higher risk for serious complications due to their long, narrow urethras where stones can become lodged.

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While any dog can develop kidney stones, certain breeds are more susceptible. Miniature Schnauzers, Lhasa Apsos, Yorkshire Terriers, Miniature Poodles, and Shih Tzus top the list of “stone former” breeds.

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In addition to gender and breed, kidney stones in dogs can also be caused by metabolic disorders, certain birth defects, urinary tract infections, and diets that increase urinary pH.

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Kidney stones become dangerous when they grow too large or break apart, allowing smaller pieces to enter and get stuck in the dog's ureter—the corridor to the bladder, Clements says. That's when it can really hurt your dog—even causing death if not treated quickly and correctly.

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Signs Your Dog Has Kidney Stones

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Many dogs with kidney stones never show clinical signs. In fact, the condition is sometimes diagnosed when radiographs of the abdomen are taken for a completely different reason. However, dogs suffering from certain types of stones or those with urinary blockages often have one or more of the following symptoms:

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  • Abdominal pain

  • Discomfort during urination

  • Licking the penis or vulva

  • Crystals evident in urine

  • Blood in the urine

  • Urinary accidents

  • Recurring urinary tract infections

  • Foul odor to urine

  • Increased or decreased urine production

  • Lack of appetite

  • Weight loss, anorexia

  • Vomiting

  • Lethargy

  • Fever

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If your dog is showing any of the above signs, seek veterinary care promptly.

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Treating Kidney Stones in Dogs

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The course of treatment for kidney stones depends on the dog’s clinical symptoms. If they are not causing any problems, your vet may opt to simply monitor the stones or allow them to pass naturally.

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However, dogs suffering from painful symptoms need immediate care. If no blockage is present, a combination of antibiotics, diet, and plenty of fresh, filtered water should do the trick. This method takes time, but most smaller stones will dissolve with the right combination of medication and/or lifestyle changes.

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There are two options for dogs with life-threatening blockages or stones that cannot pass organically. They can be removed surgically or broken down into passable bits by a process called lithotripsy.

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Long-Term Management

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Some dogs have a tendency to form stones several times throughout their lives, but there are precautions you can take to help prevent them. Regular urine and blood tests should be performed, even if the dog has no symptoms.

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Depending on which type of stone(s) your dog is prone to, your vet may also prescribe a long-term treatment and diet plan. There are several prescription diets that help manage and prevent kidney stones. Some balance urinary pH, while others control protein levels or minimize stone-forming minerals. Finding the right one may take some trial and error, but dietary management can be very effective.

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In addition to a strict diet, dogs with a history of kidney stones should drink lots of filtered water and be taken out to urinate frequently. The more water a dog drinks, the more dilute the urine will become, helping to flush stone-forming salts and minerals each time they potty.

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With the help of your veterinarian, you can keep your dog healthy, happy, and free of kidney stones.

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